SYP-Related XLMR
The Ambry Test: SYP-Related XLMR includes gene sequence analysis of the SYP gene. Testing is also available for individual mutations in families in which a specific SYP mutation has previously been identified.
PrintThe Ambry Test: SYP-Related XLMR includes gene sequence analysis of the SYP gene. Testing is also available for individual mutations in families in which a specific SYP mutation has previously been identified.
Next-Gen Sequencing of SYP is also available as part of Ambry's XLMR Next-Gen SuperPanel™. Next-Gen Sequencing of SYP cannot be ordered separately.
Mental retardation (MR) involves a complex collection of clinically and genetically diverse disorders. Diagnosis of MR is typically based on three main criteria: onset of symptoms before the age of 18, intellectual abilities significantly lower than average, and reduced adaptive skills. Individuals with MR tend to struggle in areas including communication, health, interpersonal/social skills, leisure, safety, self-guidance and care, school performance, and work.
X-linked mental retardation (XLMR) is associated with more than 200 conditions linked to >90 genes on the X chromosome. XLMR affects approximately 1/600-1/1000 males, as well as a significant number of females. Mutations in these genes have been shown to be an underlying cause of mental retardation, which may or may not be associated with other congenital anomalies, developmental delay, autism, dysmorphism, and numerous genetic syndromes. One of the XLMR associated genes is SYP.
The synaptophysin gene (SYP) encodes an integral membrane protein that is associated with small synaptic vesicles in the brain and endocrine cells. The SYP gene is located at Xp11.23-p11.2 and contains 7 exons. Mutations of various types in the SYP gene are associated with non-syndromic X-linked mental retardation (Tarpey PS et al. Nat Genet. 2009;41:535-543).
SYP genetic testing may be considered for any individual with idiopathic syndromic or non-syndromic mental retardation, developmental delay, and learning disabilities with or without congenital abnormalities.
Carrier testing for at-risk family members and prenatal testing are available for families in which a specific mutation in SYP has been identified.
Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (gDNA) is isolated from the patient’s specimen using a standardized kit and quantified by agarose gel electrophoresis. If gene sequence analysis is requested, all the analyzed regions of the gene are amplified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the exact nature of the gene’s sequence variation(s) can be identified through double-stranded sequencing from sense and anti-sense directions. If specific mutation analysis is requested, only specific region(s) of DNA is (are) amplified by PCR and sequenced. SYP exons 1-6 plus at least 20 bases into the 5’ and 3’ ends of all the introns are analyzed. The following sites are used to search for previously described SYP mutations and polymorphisms: Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD), and online search engines (e.g., PubMed).
| Test Code | Technique | CPT Codes |
|---|---|---|
| 3500 | SYP Gene Sequence Analysis | 83891x1, 83894x7, 83898x6, 83904x12, 83909x12, 83912x1 |
| Technique | Days |
|---|---|
| SYP Gene Sequence Analysis | 21-35 |